Fitness. All about fitness » therapy

Alternative Health Treatments

Tue, 03 Aug 2010 13:47:00 +0000

Do you suffer with one of the many health problems out there? Are you getting fed up with the traditional forms of health treatment? Are you looking into the different forms of alternative health therapy that are available? If you have answered yes to any of these questions, this article may be of interest to you. In the article, I am going to write about some of these alternative therapy treatments which I, my family and friends have tried in the past. I hope you enjoy the read. My wife has had many problems with her own health and also suffers from regular bouts of depression. She is quite a stressful person and at times finds life to be fairly tough. A couple of years ago she decided to find a different approach to ones she had previously tried. The first option she tried was reflexology. She was not entirely sure if she really wanted a stranger messing about with her feet but was more than pleased with the experience on her return. She could not believe how relaxed and chilled out it made her feel. I have also found myself struggling to cope with the pressures of every day life. I now have turned my hand to meditation. This is not I am sure for everyone but it has certainly helped me to think in a more positive and clearer way. It took me quite a long to meditate in what would be known as the correct way as I originally could not seem to concentrate or relax enough. My mother prefers to go to a womens wellness centre rather than to the doctors. She has not spoken too much about this to me but it obviously helps her as she has now been going there for years. Tai chi is a very popular form of alternative therapy for many people. Tai chi is also very good at reducing peoples stress levels and is something I also considered before I took up meditation. A friend of mine always raves on about yoga and the many health benefits that this has bought her. To me it all seems like a lot of hard work, however she insists that it isn’t. In a way these things are like horses for courses. Some people prefer to do one thing and others prefer to do something entirely different. My brother who also finds it hard to relax, it must run in my family I suppose, has found hypnotherapy to be very useful. He has been a smoker for many years and two years ago decided it was time to quit. He was very determined, which helps of course but by attending hypnotherapy sessions, also gave him that extra edge. He, from what he tells me has not smoked even one cigarette for the past eighteen months. These are just a small number of the many alternative health treatments out there. It is worth pointing out that even though they have been successful in helping the above people, they may not work for everyone. In my opinion it is worth giving different things a try as it may just change your life.

Irrational Fear? Chill Out!

Wed, 28 Jul 2010 18:59:00 +0000

While the whole world was masquerading in scary and outrageous costumes during Halloween, a team of scientists was making progress with the latest study on irrational fear. Results of this study are expected to expand current knowledge about treatments for major medical problems concerning irrational fear. “We’re taking all of what we learned from the basic studies of animals and bringing that into the clinical practices that help people. Things are starting to come together in a very important way,” said Stephen Maren, a psychology professor from the University of Michigan. The National Institute of Mental Health revealed that about 40 million Americans suffer from anxiety disorders. Being a basic primal emotion, fear is a key to evolutionary survival which we share in common with animals. Aside from genetics, traumatic events are closely associated with the development of overwhelming and needless fear. Ted Abel, a fear researcher at the University of Pennsylvania considers fear to be a funny thing. “ One needs enough of it, but not too much of it,” said Abel. According to Armi Rowe, a Connecticut freelance writer and mother, she used to be one of those rational types who are usually calm under pressure. She is not afraid to downhill ski the treacherous black diamond trails of snowy mountains. One day, however, while coping with some serious illnesses in her family, she felt fear closing in on her while she was driving alone. She thought that the stab of pain on her chest was a heart attack and called 911. Later on, it was learned that what happened was an anxiety attack. With the help of counseling, self-study coping exercises and introspection, Rowe learned to manage such attacks early on. David Carbonell, a Chicago psychologist specializing in treating anxiety disorders, said that there’s a trick to panic attack. “You’re experiencing this powerful discomfort but you’re getting tricked into treating it like danger”, said Carbonell. There is a possibility that by learning how fear runs through the brain and body, scientists can improve on how to dampen fear. Amygdala, an almond-shaped part of the deep brain, is the fear hot spot. New York University psychology and neural science professor Elizabeth Phelps said that amygdala is not the one responsible for all fear response but acts like a burglar alarm that connects to everything else. It was found that a certain chemical reaction in the amygdala is vital in the way mice and people learn to overcome fear, according to Emory University psychiatry and psychology professor Michael Davis. Mice never learn to counter their fears when that reaction is deactivated. D-cycloserine, a drug already used to fight hard-to-treat tuberculosis, was found to strengthen that good chemical reaction in mice. When combined with therapy, it produces the same effect on people who have a fear of heights, and is now being tested in survivors of the World Trade Center attacks and the Iraq war. Recent studies have shown that people easily recognize fear in other humans faster than other emotions. Other studies have suggested that bodily functions change just by being very afraid. One study found that very frightened people can withstand more pain than those not experiencing fear. Another found that experiencing fear or merely perceiving it in others improved people’s attention and brain skills. According to Carbonell, since the normal response for dealing with a real threat is either to flee or fight, the best way to deal with fear when the threat is unreal is to do just the opposite: “Wait it out and chill.”

Get A Massage In Upland

Thu, 08 Jul 2010 07:44:00 +0000

Did you know that you can receive a great Deep Tissue massage in Upland, California? Not only can you receive a Deep Tissue massage you can also receive Shiatsu and other forms of massage in this beautiful southern California city. So, if you haven’t done it already you should put getting a massage in Upland on your list of things to do. Massage in Upland is widely available from independent Licensed and Certified Massage Therapists, Massage Establishments, and a number of Day Spas. Massage in Upland is something that is something you’ll want to repeat over and over. Whether your goal is to achieve complete relaxation with a slow, soothing massage, relieve muscular pain and chronic tension, have a more comfortable pregnancy, or improve your sports performance Massage Therapists in Upland can help you achieve your goals. In fact there are several types of Massage in Upland. The most commonly offered massage techniques in Upland are: Deep Tissue Massage – massage of the deeper musculature and connective tissue to release chronic tension and pain. It’s often a firmer massage that is appreciated by experienced clients. This massage shares some strokes and techniques with Swedish massage and is used to root out chronic tension in the deeper musculature and connective tissues that contribute to pain and loss of range of motion in joints. Shiatsu – a Japanese technique of massage that targets specific pressure points to relieve pain and improve the flow of vital energy. Shiatsu is often used to relieve headaches, back pain, and more while the client relaxes on a comfortable Shiatsu mat fully clothed. Swedish Massage – relaxing massage using gliding strokes, kneading, friction, and striking strokes along with gentle stretching and rocking. It’s most often thought of as a “spa” type of massage but it’s much more than that. Swedish massage is great for reducing stress, improving circulation, improving range of motion of your joints, and helping you actually feel better in your own skin. Reflexology – a massage of special zones called “reflexes”, usually on the feet and hands, that relieves tension in distant areas of the body. Pregnancy Massage – massage for the mother-to-be helping her to decrease pain and discomfort throughout the pregnancy. Pregnancy massage relieves muscle spasms and cramps associated with the stress of extra weight bearing and physical changes that occur during pregnancy. However, in addition to the more commonly practiced massage techniques your Upland based Massage Therapist might also practice some other well known massage therapy techniques: Sports Massage Myofascial Release Medical Massage Acupressure Neuromuscular Therapy Lymphatic Drainage You might even want to try a special treat when you get a massage in Upland like Couples Massage where a couple can receive their massage together in the same massage room with two massage therapists. During the couples massage each member of the couple can choose to receive a different massage from that of their partner. Or, for the true massage therapy enthusiast some Massage Establishments and Day Spas offer Four Hand Massage, or Tandem Massage, where you can be massaged by two massage therapists at the same time. Massage in Upland is also very convenient to receive. Massage in Upland is available on an incall basis at a Massage Therapist’s office, salon, or clinic, in a Licensed Massage Establishment, or in one of many conveniently located Day Spas. Massage in Upland is also available on an outcall basis in your Upland area home, office, or hotel. No matter where you are in Upland a great massage is just minutes away. So what’s stopping you from receiving the benefits of a great massage? Massage in Upland is relaxing, stress reducing, pain relieving, and performance improving so get one today.

Openly Gay Massage Therapists Go Universal

Tue, 25 May 2010 08:08:00 +0000

If you think gay massage therapists cater only to gay men, think again. The popularity of massage therapy is at an all-time high, which comes as no surprise since it’s been known to do the body good for millennia. But how’s this for a surprise? On a playing field where massage therapy has moved up in rank as reputable business, openly gay men are standing front and center in the competitive world. Board-certified, licensed, registered, it makes no difference. They all mean business, and their satisfied clients are extolling the benefits loud and clear. Sound intriguing? Keep reading. If you’re a straight guy who suffers any homophobic angst about it, free yourself from out-dated fear and commit this to memory: Gay massage therapy is not synonymous with gay sex. And don’t be fooled about whether or not you’ll get a he-man workout; he won’t pull any punches when it’s time to knuckle down on those angst-induced kinks. Straight men benefit from safe and rewarding massages under the healing care of gay men, and they never know it. Or, perhaps they do know and don’t care. Gay masseurs daily roam the world of multi-cultural free enterprise where sexual orientation is about as important as eye-color. Likewise, just as many women want a rewarding and non-sexual massage experience in a safe environment, and they want it from a man just like the straight guys. For them, who could be more ideal than a gay masseur? Answer: Probably no one. For some women, a gay masseur is a must-have over a masseuse or straight masseur. Reason? Higher comfort level. Gay massage therapists seem more in tune with nurturing, allowing these female clients to drop a lot of poor body-image baggage outside the door. Heck, she may lower her shackles of unhealthy inhibitions enough to consider a clothing-optional massage. In a fully holistic approach to massage, the client, whether male or female, is likely to feel comfortable enough to lie completing unclothed, with or without a thin sheet of drapery for warmth and basic human sense of security. Gentle reminder: It’s not about exhibitionism; it’s about closing the space between sore muscles and trained hands. It’s as necessary as water, all the while being completely non-sexual and safe. Ah, we’re working toward a Massage Utopia, you say. Certainly, all professional massage therapists world-over are raising these stress-allaying stations, right? Wrong. Especially when it comes to corporate massage business. Here’s another surprise: The pro massage therapist must follow strict guidelines if he or she is employed with name-brand gyms and uber spas, and those guidelines mean ‘brick wall’ between you and a boundary-free massage. Ever had a spa or gym massage? Maybe it felt nice, but was it memorable? The ambience, if there was one, was more sterile than stellar. Maybe the session felt rushed, or maybe a massage sans attire was prohibited. Blame Big Business-imposed regulations for your mediocre experience. But thank your gay masseur in his privately owned practice! With fewer restrictions, a gay masseur has already carefully arranged an intimate massage space of serene warmth. Note the details. Does candlelight dancing over earth-toned walls soothe the eye? Does soft music sing to the heart? Are you considering a visit to the massage astral plane au naturel? Go with it and relax. Your soul thirsts for serenity with no boundary, and it’s long overdue. So long overdue, in fact, you’re now ready to scout down your heroic gay masseur. Chances are, you won’t find ‘Gay Masseur’ listed in the Yellow Pages, and you’re rather certain he isn’t living next door. So what’s your best bet? For starters, try FindAMasseur.com, where you’re almost guaranteed to find your therapist within driving distance. But, even if the drive is farther than you thought, don’t give up. What we consider the benefits of the big city are starting to spread into smaller communities, bringing better-quality massage therapy closer to home sooner than you think. And openly gay massage therapists are setting up mood-friendly and privately owned shop in neighborhoods everywhere. Once you’ve found him, you’re in for a stress-wringing treat. Stereotypes aside, allow that a gay man may be more sensitive to the needs of others around him, and this includes you. His healing power of touch is likely to feel more intuitive than ‘learned’. Who knows? You may feel relaxed enough to let fly that toxic self-image enough to experience a massage with nary a stitch of whatever you wore in. Let’s face it; getting a massage in your clothes is like sunbathing in a parka.

Get A Massage In Bradenton

Sat, 12 Dec 2009 05:49:00 +0000

Bradenton, Florida, just south of Tampa Bay on Florida’s west coast, is a great place to get a fantastic massage therapy session. That’s right, in addition to Bradenton’s fantastic weather and abundance of fun things to do you can also receive a perfect massage. So, whether you go to Bradenton for a business trip, an unforgettable beach vacation, or a job related family relocation you should take the time to get massage therapy. Massage in Bradenton is widely available from independent State Licensed Massage Therapists, Licensed Massage Establishments, and several world class Day Spas. Massage in Bradenton is an experience that is memorable and enjoyable and something you’ll want to repeat over and over. Whether your goal is to completely relax with a slow, soothing massage, relieve muscular pain and chronic tension, have a more comfortable pregnancy, or improve your sports performance Massage Therapists in Bradenton can help you achieve your goals. In fact there are several types of Massage in Bradenton. The most commonly offered massage techniques in Bradenton are: Esalen Massage – characterized by long, slow, Tai Chi like tissue lengthening strokes along with gentle rocking and stretching, passive joint movement, sculpting of deep musculature, and cranial balancing. Personal attention takes precedence over pure technique. Swedish Massage – relaxing massage using gliding strokes, kneading, friction, and striking strokes along with gentle stretching and rocking. Deep Tissue Massage – massage of the deeper musculature and connective tissue to release chronic tension and pain. It’s often a firmer massage that is appreciated by experienced clients. Hot Stone Massage – many people think that this is perhaps the most relaxing and luxurious massage you can get. Heated stones seemingly melt away stress and tension. Neuromuscular Therapy – a specialized, advanced pain relief technique targeting specific trigger points in muscles, tendons, and attachment sites. Prenatal/Pregnancy Massage – massage for the mother-to-be helping her to decrease pain and discomfort throughout the pregnancy. Lymphatic Drainage Massage – specifically used for decreasing swelling and edema as well as improving the circulation of the body’s lymph. It’s detoxifying and some think it improves the immune system too. However, in addition to the more commonly practiced massage techniques your Bradenton based Massage Therapist might also practice some other well known massage therapy techniques: Myofascial Release Trigger Point Therapy Sports Massage Medical Massage Acupressure Ortho-Bionomy Aromatherapy Massage Rolfing You might even want to try a special treat when you get a massage in Bradenton like Couple’s Massage where a couple can receive their massage together in the same massage room with two massage therapists. During the couples massage each member of the couple can choose to receive a different massage from that of their partner. Or, for the true massage therapy enthusiast some Licensed Massage Establishments and Day Spas offer what they call Four Hand Massage, Duo or Tandem Massage, where you can be massaged by two massage therapists at the same time. Massage in Bradenton is also very convenient to receive. Massage in Bradenton is available on an incall basis at a Massage Therapist’s office, salon, or clinic, in a Licensed Massage Establishment, or in one of many conveniently located Day Spas. Massage in Bradenton is also available on an outcall basis in your Bradenton area home, office, or hotel. No matter where you are in Bradenton a great massage is just minutes away. Massage in Bradenton is relaxing, stress reducing, pain relieving, and performance improving so get one today. You’ll be glad you did!

Get A Massage In Longmont

Sun, 06 Dec 2009 11:50:00 +0000

Have you received a massage in Longmont, Colorado? If you haven’t done it already you should put it on your list of things to do. Longmont has some of the most beautiful natural scenery in the United States and is considered one of the most serene and spiritual places to live or to visit. So, whether you go to Longmont for a business trip, an unforgettable vacation, or a family relocation you might find you want to receive massage therapy. Massage in Longmont is widely available from independent Certified Massage Therapists, Massage Establishments, and a growing number of Day Spas. Massage in Longmont is something that is memorable and enjoyable and something you’ll want to repeat over and over. Whether your goal is to completely relax with a slow, soothing massage, relieve muscular pain and chronic tension, have a more comfortable pregnancy, or improve your sports performance Massage Therapists in Longmont can help you achieve your goals. In fact there are several types of Massage in Longmont. The most commonly offered massage techniques in Longmont are: Swedish Massage – relaxing massage using gliding strokes, kneading, friction, and striking strokes along with gentle stretching and rocking. Hot Stone Massage – perhaps the most relaxing and luxurious massages you can get. Heated stones seemingly melt away stress and tension. Aromatherapy Massage – a very relaxing and therapeutic massage incorporating the benefits of both massage and essential oils for an incredible effect you’re going to love. Pregnancy Massage – massage for the mother-to-be helping her to decrease pain and discomfort throughout the pregnancy. Neuromuscular Therapy – advanced pain relief targeting specific trigger points in muscles, tendons, and attachment sites. Lymphatic Drainage Massage – specifically used for decreasing swelling and edema as well as improving the circulation of the body’s lymph. It’s detoxifying and some think it improves the immune system too. Deep Tissue Massage – massage of the deeper musculature and connective tissue to release chronic tension and pain. It’s often a firmer massage that is appreciated by experienced clients. However, in addition to the more commonly practiced massage techniques your Longmont based Massage Therapist might also practice some other well known massage therapy techniques: Sports Massage Myofascial Release Medical Massage Acupressure Shiatsu Ortho-Bionomy You might even want to try a special treat when you get a massage in Longmont like Couples Massage where a couple can receive their massage together in the same massage room with two massage therapists. During the couples massage each member of the couple can choose to receive a different massage from that of their partner. Or, for the true massage therapy enthusiast some Massage Establishments and Day Spas offer Four Hand Massage, or Tandem Massage, where you can be massaged by two massage therapists at the same time. Massage in Longmont is also very convenient to receive. Massage in Longmont is available on an incall basis at a Massage Therapist’s office, salon, or clinic, in a Licensed Massage Establishment, or in one of many conveniently located Day Spas. Massage in Longmont is also available on an outcall basis in your Longmont area home, office, or hotel. No matter where you are in Longmont a great massage is just minutes away. So what’s stopping you from receiving the benefits of massage? Massage in Longmont is relaxing, stress reducing, pain relieving, and performance improving so get one today.

The Shifting Sands Of A Bi-Polar Mind

Fri, 04 Dec 2009 09:40:00 +0000

There are very few psychological conditions that can be as devastating for a person to develop as bi-polar disorder. This mental health disorder is a vicious condition that can be traced as the cause of various problems, including suicide. It is ranked as the third most common cause of suicide around the world and the sixth leading cause of someone being classified as “disabled.” Bi-polar becomes even worse when one considers it can be a recurring problem, plaguing people that have it for the rest of their lives. It is also sad that this mental health condition is rarely understood by the general public, to the point that most people tend to associate it with violent or criminal tendencies. What Happens When Someone Has Bi-Polar Disorder? As previously stated, bi-polar is a mental health condition that is typically identified by the recurring shifts between mania and depression. The sudden “swings” can often make bi-polar patients incredibly difficult to predict, particularly if the condition has been left untreated for long periods. The “swings” are not regular and can be spaced years apart in some instances, but patients with the condition often have an average of eight to ten within a lifetime. Certain external factors, such as one’s environment and peers, are sometimes said to aggravate the condition, but this theory has yet to be fully tested. Some patients experience psychotic episodes, particularly during the mania periods of the condition, but these occur only after very severe cases. Finally, younger patients with the condition experience chronic mania, rather than episodic, often accompanied by factors such as stress, irritability, and anxiety. What Causes Bi-Polar Disorder? Recent evidence suggest that there might be a genetic link that causes bi-polar. Studies have focused on twins, blood relatives, and adoption studies. According to the results, parents who have a mood-related disorder tend to produce offspring that have bi-polar disorder. Twins also frequently develop the problem together, though there are cases where only one twin develops the condition. The results have also shown that identical twins have a 43% chance of developing the disorder, as opposed to a 6% chance for fraternal twins. The studies also note that since the results for the twins study did not reach 100%, environmental factors may also play a role in the development. Whether they merely activate the genetic trigger or if they are the direct cause, however, remains to be seen. How Do You Treat Bi-Polar Disorder? Treatment of bi-polar disorder can be rather extensive, as it usually involves a lifetime of therapy and the use of some form of medication. Usually, the medication prescribed to accompany the therapy is a mood stabilizing drug, such as lithium, valproic acid, or carbamazepine. These medications only help suppress the mood swings and shifts, but are not known to completely remove the disorder. There is a certain level of difficulty in treating the condition as the episodes can occur with years of interval between them. In some extreme cases, anti-psychotic medication can also be given to help. Nutritional supplements have had no noticeable effects during testing, despite some claims to the contrary. Currently, the best treatment known consists of psychotherapy, mood-stabilizing medication, and psychoeducation.

Get A Massage In Boston

Tue, 24 Nov 2009 15:05:00 +0000

Did you know that the historic city of Boston, Massachusetts is a great place to get a massage? It happens to be true that in addition to everything else that Boston has to offer, it also has some really good massage therapists. So, whether you live in Boston or a future visit to Boston is for business, a much deserved family vacation, or a job related family relocation you might find you want to receive a massage therapy session. Massage in Boston is widely available from independent Licensed and Certified Massage Therapists, Licensed Massage Establishments, and many Day Spas that rival the best in the world. Getting a massage in Boston is a completely enjoyable and memorable experience that is something you will want to repeat over and over because it feels wonderful and has tremendous health benefits. Whether your goal is to completely relax with a slow, soothing massage, relieve muscular aches, pain and chronic tension, have a more comfortable pregnancy, or improve your sports performance massage therapists in Boston can help you achieve your goals. In fact there are several types of massage in Boston. The most commonly offered massage styles in Boston are: Tui Na Massage – a Chinese method of massage that includes the use of hand techniques to massage the soft tissues of the body, acupressure techniques to directly affect the flow of vital energy (chi), and manipulation techniques to realign the musculoskeletal and ligamentous relationships in the body. Swedish Massage – perhaps the most common relaxation massage. This relaxing massage technique uses gliding strokes, kneading, friction, and striking strokes along with gentle stretching and rocking. Neuromuscular Therapy – advanced pain relief targeting specific trigger points in muscles, tendons, and attachment sites. Deep Tissue Massage – massage of the deeper musculature and connective tissue to release chronic tension and pain. It’s often a firmer massage that is appreciated by experienced clients. Sports Massage – massage to assist the athlete in preparing for and recovering from sports events. Trigger Point Therapy – targeted pain relief using specific pressure to release painful knots in muscles. Prenatal/Pregnancy Massage – massage for the mother-to-be helping her to decrease pain and discomfort throughout the pregnancy. However, in addition to the more commonly practiced massage techniques your Boston based Massage Therapist might also practice some other well known and effective massage therapy techniques: Lymphatic Drainage Medical Massage Acupressure Shiatsu Myofascial Release Ortho-Bionomy Strain-Counterstrain Aromatherapy Massage You might even want to try a special treat when you get a massage in Boston like Couples Massage where a couple can receive their massage together in the same massage room with two massage therapists. During the couples massage each member of the couple can choose to receive a different massage from that of their partner. Or, the true massage therapy enthusiast will find that some Licensed Massage Establishments and Day Spas offer Four Hand Massage, or Tandem Massage, where you can be massaged by two massage therapists at the same time. Massage in Boston is also very convenient to receive. Massage in Boston is available on an incall basis at a Massage Therapist’s office, salon, or clinic, in a Licensed Massage Establishment, or in one of many conveniently located Day Spas. Massage in Boston is also available on an outcall basis in your Boston area home, office, or hotel. No matter where you are in Boston a great massage is just minutes away. So what’s stopping you from feeling better? Massage in Boston is relaxing, stress reducing, pain relieving, and performance improving so get one today…it will be worth it!

Oesophagus Cancer

Sat, 21 Nov 2009 11:33:00 +0000

Copyright 2006 Radoslaw Pilarski Epidemiology Cancer of the oesophagus is one of the cancers of the digestive tract of the most serious prognosis. Incidence and death rates are higher for populations other than the white race (5-years long survival rate in the United States in years 1992 – 1999 equalled 15% for the white race and 9%for others). As far as the incidence rate is concerned, the cancer is classified on the 13th position among men and on the 29th position among women. As far as the death rate is concerned, it is classified on the 12th and 25th positions respectively. The following regions are characterized by the highest incidence rate: north Iran, southern republics of the former USSR and the north of China – over 100 for 100,000 (Asian belt of cancer of the oesophagus). Medium incidence rate – Sri Lanka, India, South Africa, France, Switzerland: 10-50 for 100,000; low – Europe, Japan, Great Britain, Canada – under 10 for 100,000. Increasing tendency for adenocarcinoma (before 1980, it constituted about 15%, nowadays it’s about 35-37%) – in the USA and in Europe. The incidence rate of cancer of the cardia area is also increasing. Etiology Tobacco use – increases the risk of adenocarcinoma, no connection with the occurrence of squamous carcinoma. Alcohol abuse – increases the risk of squamous carcinoma. Joint effects of tobacco and high-proof spirits use increase the risk of cancer of the oesophagus about 100 times. Obesity – increases the risk of the incidence about 2 times. Diet poor in fruit increases the risk of squamous carcinoma about 2 times. Lack of carotene, selenium, E vitamin, scarcity of hot meals and consumption of spoiled fruit have influence on the incidence of adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma. Culturally inclined dietary habits increase the risk of incidence in Asia, south Africa, south America and the Middle East; in Europe and in the USA these are tobacco use and alcohol abuse. Additional risk factors: Tylosis Plantaris, Plummer syndrome / Vinson and Patterson / Kelly, Achalasia, Pre-existing presence of caustic substances, Pre-existing cancers of respiratory and digestive tract, Barrett’s oesophagus Infections of Helicobacter Pyroli and Human Papilloma Virus. Symptoms Dysphagia, often preceded by discomfort of swallowing lasting several months, and loss of weight are the first symptoms in 90% of patients. Difficulties with swallowing may not be perceptible even if the narrowing of the oesophagus reaches 66%. There are 4 degrees of dysphagia: I grade – ability to swallow solids, II grade- ability to swallow ground food III grade – ability to swallow liquids only IV grade – aphagia The following symptoms appear frequently: bringing up food, stomachaches and pneumonia. In more advanced cases: bloodstained vomit, blood spitting (because of tracheoesphageal fistula), retrosternal aches (infiltration of mediastinum structures), hoarseness, and cough (invasion of tracheal lymph nodes and infiltration of recurrent laryngeal nerve). Natural course of the illness Phase I – initial – is reversible thanks to prevention methods. It may last up to 30 years, it is characterized by a low or advanced metaplasia of epithelium cells, then it results in dysplasia, hyperchromasia and dyscariosis of nuclei. Phase II – results in carcinoma in situ (pre-invasion cancer). It is clinically asymptomatic and may last for a long time. Afterwards, cancer permeates basement membrane and assumes an infiltrative character. In clinical terms, it is the first degree of advanced cancer. Phase III – II and III grade of advanced cancer. Clinical symptoms: increasing dysphagia, narrowing of the inside diameter of the oesophagus visible in radiological examination. Phase II clinical – no metastases to regional lymph nodes, III – metastases are present. Phase IV – IV degree of advanced cancer. Terminal phase, it lasts for a short time, remote metastases are possible, often a non-operational cancer. Classification TNM classification Size of tumour TX primary tumour cannot be assessed T0 no evidence of the primary tumour Tis carcinoma in situ T1 tumour affects lamina propria of the mucosa or submucosa T2 tumour affects muscularis propria T3 tumour affects tunica adventitia T4 tumour infiltrates adjacent structures Lymph nodes NX regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0 regional lymph nodes are not affected N1 regional lymph nodes are affected Remote metastases M0 absent M1 remote metastases are present (including visceral nodes) Classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Abbreviations mentioned above are used in the description: 0 grade Tis, N0, M0; I grade T1, N0, M0; IIA grade T2, N0, M0 or T3, N0, M0; IIBgrade T1, N1, M0 or T2, N1, M0; III grade T3, N1, M0 or T4, any N, M0; IV grade any T, any N, and M1. Diagnostics Diagnostically basic tests: Thorough subjective test with medical history. Radiological examination of the oesophagus with contrast medium, together with stomach and duodenum tests – narrowing or change of the oesophageal axis may signify the presence of a tumour and it estimates the usefulness of the stomach to be joined. Double contrast use is advisable in order to reveal smaller changes that are invisible during tests with single contrast use. Diagnostically additional tests: Aspirational biopsy of palpable cervical nodes in order to exclude metastases beyond the chest. Oesophagoscopy with a sample taken to histopathological tests – estimates the cancer macroscopally (it can be assigned to one of the following groups: convex, ulcerating, superficial, egzofitic and mixed) and microscopally, it is localized precisely against the physiological narrowing of the oesophagus, and regarding the distance from the upper incisors; one should pay attention to changes in the area of the pharyngeal muscle connection of squamous and column epithelinum and diaphragm hiatus, presence or absence of satellite changes such as erosions, Barrett’s oesophagus or esophagitis. In the case of unambiguous test results, toluidine blue or Lugol’s iodine should be used. Bronchoscopy should always be conducted if there is a possibility of resection of upper or middle part of the oesophagus in order to exclude trachea’s and bronchial tree infiltration. CT of the chest and the upper abdomen in order to localize metastatic changes. Esophageal ultrasonography (EUS) as a confirmation of the afflicting of mediastinal lymph nodes. MRI – its precision is comparable to CT. PET with 18F – fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) according to initial tests detects the tumour and presence of the regional metastases with a greater precision than CT, it certainly works better in the detection of the presence of remote metastases. PET with 11C-methacholine – detects with greater precision presence of small metastatic foci in the mediastinal area; according to some tests, best results are achieved by PET together with combined use of FGD and 11C-methacholine. Preoperative tests: Test of cardiovascular system function – ECG, in some justified cases echocardiography, exercise test, arteriography of carotid artery, Doppler’s USG of carotid arteries. Test of respiratory system function – spirometrical and gasometrical tests; assessment of vital lung capacity, one-second tense tidal volume, Tiffeneau-test. Kidneys and liver function test determination of urea level, creatinine, creatinine clearance, level of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium ions, level of transaminases GOT, GPT, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, hepatic tests. Determination of the complete albumin level and albumin found in plasma. Assessment of the degree of undernourishment and dehydration assessment of the thickness of a skin fold, Determination of the general state of a patient scales of Karnofsky and WHO. Qualification to operation: General state according to Karnofsky’s scale at least 80, according to WHO – not more than 1. Normal functioning of bone marrow (RBC 3.5 mln/1ml, PLT 100thous/1ml). Normal functioning of kidneys (indicator/gauge of creatinine clearance >50l l/min). No remote metastases (M0). Treatment Surgery Surgery usually consists in a removal of the tumo
ur together with a part or the whole of the oesophagus and surrounding lymph nodes and tissues. Then, the remaining part of the oesophagus is joined to the stomach in the cervical area in order to preserve swallowing ability. Sometimes, endoprostheses are used, however, usually only of stomach or intestine . An additional joint of the stomach directly to the intestine may be carried out in order to facilitate passage of food from the stomach to the intestine. It should be remembered that this type of surgery depends mainly on the general state of a patient and the stage of cancer development. Main methods used in surgery are presented below: Transhiatal esophagectomy (m. Orringer). 1. Upper part of abdomen and lower part of neck are opened, no direct invasion in the chest. 2. Oesophagus is dissected with care from mediastinal structures and then removed. 3. Subsequently, stomach is connected with the cervical part of the oesophagus (end-to-end esophagogastrostomy) carried in the site of anterior mediastinum. Transmediastinal esophagectomy (m. Akiyama). 1. Chest is opened on the left and right side (more often on the right side, with the tumour in the upper and middle part of the oesophagus, and taking into consideration the aortic arch; more often on the left if the tumour is localized in the joint of the oesophagus and the stomach). 2. Incision in the sixth left intercostal area exposes anterior mediastinum. 3. Semicircular incision of the diaphragm, 1 inch from the costal arch, exposes upper part of abdomen. 4. Oesophagus is removed with perioesophageal nodes and nodes of lesser curvature of the stomach 5. Substitute is made mainly from stomach: a) with incision made on the right side, laparotomy is additionally performed in order to prepare stomach and to place in the site in the anterior mediastinum or in the retrosternal area, b) with incision made on the left side, stomach is pulled under the aortic arch and joined to cervical stump of the oesophagus. Esophagectomy en bloc. 1. It consists in excision of the tumour with a wide margin including surrounding structures in the background together with pleura and with pericardium in front. 2. Lymphatic vessels placed between the oesophagus, aorta and thoracic duct are excised en bloc. 3. Anterior mediastinum excision guarantees complete removal of nodes from the split of trachea to oesophageal hiatus. 4. Hepatic, visceral, left gastric nodes and nodes of lesser curvature of the stomach, parahiatal and retroperitoneal, which reduces the number of local post operational metastases to less than 10%. Esophagectomy en bloc with tripolar lymphadenectomy It consists in additional excision of cervical nodes. Radiotherapy Radiotherapy treatment consists in the use of highly energetic rays in order to destroy cancerous cells. Radiotherapy may be provided from an external or an internal source (brachytherapy, it consists in introduction of a pipe with radiating material into the inside diameter of the oesophagus). Radiotherapy may only be used together with chemotherapy, as an alternative treatment method, if the stage of cancer or other factors do not allow to carry out a surgery. It can be used either alone or together with chemotherapy, before surgery is performed. In palliative treatment, radiotherapy also plays an important role. Chemotherapy Pharmaceutical treatment consists in anti-cancerous medicines use, usually administered intravenously affecting cancerous cells by circulation around/ in the body. It can be used together with radiotherapy, as an alternative way of treatment to surgery and preoperatively. In the phase of controlled clinical tests, other ways of treatment are possible, such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy (PDT). Palliative treatment Over 70% of the diagnosed patients cannot be qualified for surgical treatment because of the extensiveness of cancerous changes. Palliative treatment is intended to improve the general state of a patient, decrease ailment and difficulties swallowing. The following methods are applied: Palliative resection Evasive connections – creation of a bridge evading a narrowing or a closure of the inside diameter of the oesophagus. Oesophageal prostheses. Gastric and intestinal fistula, including microfistula of small intestine – enabling feeding directly to the inside diameter of the intestine. Mechanical widening of the narrowing. Self-widening Stent’s mass. Laser therapy – a surgery consisting in introducing a fiberscope with a laser light into the oesophagus, with breaks lasting several days, which enables exfoliation of cells and widening of the inside diameter of the oesophagus. The most popular laser: Nd Yag laser.

Five More Common Types Of Massage

Sun, 15 Nov 2009 20:38:00 +0000

Getting a massage therapy session is a wonderful experience. But, have you ever wanted to go for a massage therapy session and didn’t know what type of massage to get? Massage therapy uses numerous techniques that range from full-body stress relief to highly targeted methods that relieve a wide range of muscular pains and dysfunction. Five types of massage that rank among the most popular types of massage are Chair massage, Medical Massage, Pregnancy Massage, Trigger Point Therapy, and Aromatherapy Massage. 1. Chair Massage – also known as Seated massage, is performed while the client remains fully clothed and seated in a specially designed massage chair. The massage chair allows the Massage Therapist to massage the client’s head, neck, back, and arms in a typical 10-15 minute session using a variety of kneading, percussion, friction and movement techniques. The high portability of the massage chair and the fact that clients are fully clothed means that massage sessions can be completed nearly anywhere. Chair massage makes a great gift for employees or special clients. Receiving chair massage in the office has been shown to reduce stress and increase employee productivity. Chair massage is also a popular attraction at charity events, trade shows and conventions. 2. Medical Massage – during Medical Massage the Massage Therapist treats specific muscular and connective tissue problems with techniques directed at achieving favorable client outcomes under the supervision and written orders of the client’s physician. More simply stated, the Medical Massage Therapist is a massage therapist with advanced training in the assessment of soft tissue dysfunction and treatment that works with your doctor to relieve your pain, improve function and Range of Motion of joints, and improve posture as needed. Medical massage is usually a short session that’s targeted to one or a few areas. 3. Pregnancy Massage – has gained tremendous popularity by helping the mother-to-be remain comfortable during her pregnancy and in many cases have an easier delivery. Pregnancy massage relieves muscle spasms and cramps associated with the stress of extra weight bearing and physical changes that occur during pregnancy. 4. Trigger Point Therapy – directly targets trigger points and the muscles in which they’re found. In Trigger Point Therapy the Massage Therapist carefully seeks out the trigger points in a muscle with their fingers, knuckles, or elbows and uses specific compression techniques, friction strokes, and stretches which make the trigger points release and seemingly melt away. The release of the trigger point usually results in a rapid decrease or complete elimination of muscular pain. Trigger Point Therapy is a versatile technique and is often used to treat back pain, Jaw (TMJ) pain, headaches and migraines, whiplash, tennis elbow, frozen shoulder, hip pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and more. 5. Aromatherapy Massage – is a very relaxing and therapeutic massage incorporating the healthy benefits of massage and the powerful effects of essential oils for an incredible effect you’re going to love. Depending on your needs the Massage Therapist will adjust the massage and the varieties of essential oils for the desired effect. All of the massage techniques described here can help you receive the health benefits of massage. Of course there are many more massage therapy techniques available that are relaxing, stress reducing, and that relieve chronic tension and pain. You actually don’t have to know what type of massage to ask for, you just need to know what you want to achieve. Do you just want to relax? Reduce muscle soreness? Relieve pain? Improve posture? Ask your massage therapist what they recommend for your particular health needs and get massaged today.